Project Support and Credits
Partial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation’s Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (TUES) program under Award No. 1043876 and the National Sciences Foundation’s Discovery Research PreK-12 (DRK12) program, Award No. 1620746. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
The sources for the images we used in this website are listed below. If an image is not listed it is believed to be Public Domain.
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Monkey Opsins
Ecology
Evo-Ed Opsin Ecology Intro Image
Adapted from Red Apple by Abhijit Tembhekar under a Creative Commons Attribution License by Evo-Ed
Adapted from Carambola Starfruit by SMasters under a Creative Commons Attribution License by EvoEd
Ripe Peaches
Public Domain
Unripe Peaches
Public Domain
Cell Biology
Cone Cell
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Adapted from Cone Cell en by Ivo Kruusamägi under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported by Evo-Ed
3D Opsin Protein
Knierim, B. et al. (2007) PNAS 104: 20290 – 20295
Light Waves – Unknown
Brain – Unknown
2D Opsin Protein
Neitz and Neitz (2000) Arch Ophthalmology 118: 691-700
Cone Cell Stimulation Curve
www.answers.com/topic/photopsin
Molecular Genetics
Chromosomes
Evo-Ed
2D Opsin Protein
Neitz and Neitz (2000) Arch Ophthalmology 118: 691-700
Phylogenetics
Phylogenetic Tree
Evo-Ed
Mouse Fur Color
Index Page
Mouse – Adapted from Michael Wooten
http://wotan.cse.sc.edu/perobase/systematics/p_polion.htm
Ecology
Predation Comparison Between Habitats – Image taken from www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/hoekstra/PDFs/Vignieri2010Evol.pdf
All Other Images – Evo-Ed
Cell Biology
All Images – Evo-Ed
Molecular Genetics
All Images – Evo-Ed
Population Genetics
Mice Images Adapted from:
Steiner et al (2009) Molecular Biology and Evolution 26: 35-45
Pea Taste
Index Page
Peas Intro Image
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Adapted from Peas in pods – Studio by Bill Ebbeseni under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported by Evo-Ed
Mendel to Molecules
Mendel – Public Domain
Punnett Square – Evo-Ed
Cell Biology
Zooming in from Peas to Cells – Evo-Ed
Biosynthetic Pathway – Evo-Ed
Molecular Genetics
Chromosomes and Peas – Evo-Ed
Population Genetics
Hands of Peas – Adapted from http://www.goodlifefarm.com
Toxin Resistance in Clams
Index Page
Peas Intro Image
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Adapted from Mya arenaria by Wikipedia user Malene under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported by Evo-Ed
Ecology
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Adapted from Sae otter on moss landing 1 by Wikipedia user Malene under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported by Evo-Ed
Dinoflagellate
Public Domain
Food Web
Zimmer and Ferrer (2007) The Biological Bulletin 213: 208-213
Cell Biology
Clam
Evo-Ed adapted from unknown source
Neuron
Public Domain
3D Saxitoxin
Public Domain
2D Saxitoxin
Evo-Ed
Action Potential
Neuron
Public Domain
Molecular Genetics
Transmembrane Protein
Evo-Ed
Population Genetics
Clams
Pubic Domain
Maps of Allele Frequencies
Connell, L. et al. (2007) Marine Biology 150: 1227-1236
Lactase Persistence
Revisions to the slide set were kindly provided by Kam Dahlquist.
Revsions to the online text were kindly provided by Nadia Sellami.
Skin Pigmentation
Specialized Cells
Standard introductory human physiology and introductory biology texts.
Marks, M. S. and M. C. Seabra, 2001. The melanosome: membrane dynamics in black and white.Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio 2:738-748.
Wu, X. and J. A. Hammer. 2014. Melanosome transfer: it is best to give and receive.
Current Opinion in Cell Biology 29:1–7
Selection
Jablonski, N. G. and G. Chaplin. 2010. Human skin pigmentation as an adaptation to UV radiation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 8962-8968.
Jablonski and Chaplin, 2000 map at http://racialreality.altervista.org/skincolor.html
Juzeniene, A., R. Setlow, A. Porojnicu, A. H. Steindal, and J. Moan. 2009. Development of different human skin colors: a review highlighting photobiological and photobiophysical aspects. J. Photochem. Photobio. B. 96: 93-100.
Osborne, D. L., and R. Hames. 2014. A life history perspective on skin cancer and the evolution of skin pigmentation. Am J Phys Anthropol. 153(1):1-8.
DeLuca, H. F. 2014. History of the discovery of vitamin D and its active metabolites. BoneKEy Reports 3: 479 doi:10.1038/bonekey.2013.213
Genes and Proteins
Sturm. 2009. Molecular genetics of human pigmentation diversity. Hum Mol Genet. 18, R9–17.
Polygenic Inheritance
Population Genetics
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/snp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_index
Norton, H. L., R. A. Kittles, E. Parra, P. McKeigue, X. Mao, K. Cheng, V. A. Canfield, D. G.
Bradley, B. McEvoy, and M. D. Shriver. 2007. Genetic evidence for the convergent evolution of light skin in Europeans and East Asians. Mol. Bio. Evol. 24: 710 – 722. This paper is the basis for this discussion.
Cultural Perspective
Kubota, J. T., M. R. Banaji, and E.A. Phelps. 2012. The neuroscience of race. Nature Neuroscience 15(7): 940 – 946.
Templeton, A. R. 2013. Biological races in humans. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 44: 262-271.
Sopolsky, R. M. 2017. Behave: the biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Press.